Essay on Health Literacy - 776 Words

Health Literacy Health illiteracy has become referred to as the silent epidemic. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services website, the National Assessment of Adult Literacy showed only 12 percent of adults have proficient health literacy. That means nine out of ten adults may lack the needed skills to adequately manage their health and prevent disease. Healthy People 2010 define health literacy as â€Å"the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health care related decisions.† These are the skills that people need to find the right place in the hospital, fill out insurance forms, and communicate appropriately with†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"It was estimated in 1998 that between $35-73 billion was wasted in prolonged hospital stays and frequent doctors visits related to low health literacy† (Ickes, MEd Cottrell, DEd, CHES, 2010, p. 492). With all of the previously mentioned problems of poor health literacy, individuals who fall into these categories are also more likely to die at an early age. Is there a solution to this costly societal problem? The long-term solution rests in the hands of health education beginning in kindergarten and continuing throughout college. We need more community involvement with this issue. It not only affects the health illiterate but those that are very health literate. It raises the costs of health care enormously. Despite massive technological advances and that we spend twice as much per capita on healthcare in the United States, we remain one of the unhealthiest nations in the world. Low health literacy contributes to our grim future. We have high rates of infant mortality; increased mortality related to chronic, preventable disease processes; and cancer mortality could be greatly reduced by early detection. Health literacy is both a consumer and public healthcare issue. As a health care provider, it is not only my responsibility to ensure that you understand your health and what is going onShow MoreRelatedHealth Literacy And The Health1603 Words   |  7 Pagesexpectancy, but as a nation we are sicker. In May of 2010 the United States Department of Health and Human Services implemented The National Action Plan to Improve Health Literacy in efforts to improve health literacy and the health of the nation. The Center for Disease and Control defines Health Literacy as the level of which a person can access, communicate, evaluate and understand basic health information. Health Literacy can range from knowledge about preventative care, treatment and awareness of allRead MoreUnderstanding Literacy, And Health Literacy1665 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding Literacy, and Health Literacy An understanding of literacy, and health literacy is crucial to understand their impact on client health outcomes. Further, a nurse’s ability to better educate clients lies in his or her understanding of these terms. Literacy is a multilayered, dynamic and complex topic; however, in short literacy is a set of skills including reading, writing oral skills, numeracy skills, and skills that enable us to acquire knowledge and information (Keefe CopelandRead MoreUnderstanding Literacy, And Health Literacy1663 Words   |  7 PagesAn understanding of literacy, and health literacy is crucial to understand their impact on client health outcomes. Further, a nurse’s ability to better educate clients lies in his or her understanding of these terms. Literacy is a multilayered, dynamic and complex topic; however, in short literacy is a set of skills including reading, writing oral skills, numeracy skills, and skills that enable us to acquire knowledge and information (Keefe Cop eland, 2011). Literacy can be understood throughRead MoreEssay on Impact of Health Literacy on Health1193 Words   |  5 Pages Health literacy is defined as The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions (Michael K. Paasche-Orlow, 2010), the word Health literacy first appeared in 1974 in a paper which calls for â€Å"education standards for all grade school levels in USA† (Carolyn Speros, 2004) . Some recent works suggest that there is a relation between literacy, low health and premature deaths (ChristinaRead MoreHealth Literacy And Health Care2161 Words   |  9 PagesHealth literacy as defined in Cromier Kotrlik article â€Å"the ability to read, understand, and use health information to make appropriate health care decisions and follow instructions for treatment† (Cromier 2007). It is a problem that affects an estimated 47 million people in the US alone and costs an estimated 73 billion dollars a year. These costs come from increased hospitalizations, the use of less pr eventative medicine, as well as, the social stigma that comes with having poor health literacyRead MoreThe Influence Of Patient Health Literacy On Positive Health Outcomes1274 Words   |  6 Pages The Influence of Patient Health Literacy on Positive Health Outcomes Introduction With an increase in the number of new prescriptions hitting the market and the growing number of patients taking prescription medications, patient health literacy becomes a rising problem. Approximately ninety percent of Americans currently take prescription or over-the-counter medications; however, patients that have an inadequate health literacy level are more likely misinterpret or suffer adverse drug effectsRead MoreHealth Literacy And Its Effect On Health1501 Words   |  7 Pages Literacy is the ability someone has to read and write. Most of us are taught this skill when we are young. Those of us who learn this during childhood seem to forget this is a privilege not everybody has. The people who do not has this advantage are affected in more ways than we think. Especially when it comes to their health, this understanding is known as health literacy. â€Å"Health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health info rmationRead MoreHealth Literacy And Patient Safety836 Words   |  4 Pages Health Literacy and Patient Safety What if every other person that received help from a healthcare provider left the health facility and did not comply with anything the provider told them? The patient did not take the medication as directed, if at all, did not follow-up in 2 weeks to ensure adequate treatment and never improved, or did not care for their surgical wound, leading them to being hospitalized for sepsis. What is the point in going to seek help, if the patient is not going to do whatRead MoreThe Importance Of Identifying And Adapting Health Literacy967 Words   |  4 PagesPatient Health Literacy in Effective Workplace Communication Name: Georgia Pearson Student Number: n9994769 Course Code Name: PYB007 Communication for Healthcare Professionals Tutor: Michael Rowlands Tutorial: Wednesday, 1500 – 1700, N518 Word Count: Date: 10/04/2017 Queensland University of Technology The Importance of Identifying and Adapting to Patient Health Literacy in Effective Workplace Communication Effective communication plays an integral role in the workplace of health professionalsRead MoreHealth Literacy Is Defined As The â€Å"The Capacity To Obtain,1229 Words   |  5 PagesHealth literacy is defined as the â€Å"the capacity to obtain, communicate, process, and understand basic health information and services to make appropriate health decisions† (Koh et al., 2012, p. 1). When a patient has poor health literacy, they are more likely to have a poor outcome in regards to their health. There are bills and initiatives that address the need for patients to increase their health literacy as well as the healthcare providers’ responsibilities to provide the information in a way

Gregory s Influence On The Roman Empire - 2494 Words

Gregory was born during politically turbulent times in Europe. Economies suffered, agriculture waned, and a plague ravaged rural areas amidst Justinian’s reconquest of Italy (535–554). The bridges, aqueducts, and infrastructure of Rome degraded with age too. The Lombards held North Italy and less than a generation later, they seized Milan, and were threatening Rome. Even still, the Byzantine emperors, who were too far to protect Rome, demanded loyalty and taxes from the people of Italy from its imperial post at Ravenna. Gregory witnessed all of that turmoil which certainly would inspire his career and outlooks. Gregory came from a wealthy Roman family and as a young man he served as prefect of Rome (from 573). The Roman aristocracy which he would have known was losing faith in the power of Rome. Many looked instead to the Church’s message during times that many, including Gregory, viewed as apocalyptic. Gregory gave his property Italy and Sicily to the Church, co nverted his family mansion in Rome into a monastery, and lived there as a devoted and highly contemplative monk. These early experiences influenced Gregory and his subsequent development of the role of the papacy: â€Å"when I rose in contemplation above all changeable and decaying things, and thought of nothing but the things of heaven.† Gregory’s aristocratic background, preference for monasticism, and deep interest in eschatology pervaded his greatest contributions to role of the bishop of Rome by influencing hisShow MoreRelatedChristianity And Its Relationship With Political Authority1196 Words   |  5 Pagesreligion of the authority. Initially, Romans viewed Christianity as a new sect of Judaism. Roman rulers did not like the religion of Christianity. By the end of the first century, the political authority viewed the religion as a dangerous superstition that was a threat to their civic order. Romans didn’t like the fact that Christians worshiped a â €Å"convicted criminal.† The Christians at the time were a minority in Rome; they refused to participate in the Roman civic religion. Christians practicedRead MoreThe Rise Of The Papacy1473 Words   |  6 Pagesa specific time, place or person and also the growth of the Papacy was a rather slow and gradual process. In this modern age Rome has been associated with the birth place of the Papacy but history shows that Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in the 4th century. In Constantinople the father of the church was referred to as the Pope. The word Pope simply means â€Å"father,† and in early times was used to refer to any important and respected bishop. In Rome the father ofRead MoreThe Roman Catholic Church s Influence And Governance Over Europe Throughout The Middle Ages1936 Words   |  8 PagesThis essay will identify and examine the significance of the Roman Catholic Church’s influence and governance over Europe throu ghout the Middle Ages. For the purposes of this essay, the Middle Ages refers to the period between the Conversion of Constantine in 313CE and the onset of the Renaissance Period during the early 14th century. In addition, this essay will examine and account for change in the institution and theology of the Roman Catholic Church. It will identify the nature and importanceRead MoreThe Christian Era Of The Western Roman Empire1424 Words   |  6 PagesIn the year 476 A.D, the Christian era of the Western Roman empire came to a close. What followed would be a series of Germanic Kingdoms such as the Visigoths, Angles, and Saxons. These kingdoms, like most budding nations, founded their own unique political systems, laying the groundwork for future European nations. Although these kingdoms were deemed â€Å"independent†, they still found themselves under the jurisdiction of the Church. This subjected them to the political model of the Church, and by extensionRead MoreReligion Dur ing The Middle Ages1391 Words   |  6 Pagesconsistent popularity and other religions such as Islam were on the rise in participation. After the fall of Rome, there was no unified state or government in Europe and the Catholic Church used that opportunity to become a large powerhouse. The Roman Empire had effectively split into three different worlds: Muslim, Byzantine, and western European. Various Kings, Queens, and other leaders looked to the Catholic church for power and protection in exchange for alliances. Meanwhile, the Islamic religionRead MoreEssay Christianity1851 Words   |  8 PagesChristians, are members of one of three major groups--Roman Catholic, Protestant, or Eastern Orthodox. These groups have different beliefs about Jesus and His teachings. But all consider Jesus central to their religion. Most Christians believe God sent Jesus into the world as the Savior. Christianity teaches that humanity can achieve salvation through Jesus. Jesus lived in Judea (later called Palestine), a Middle Eastern land ruled by the Romans. The Romans crucified Jesus about A.D. 30. Jesus followersRead MoreWho Was Gregory The Great?1656 Words   |  7 PagesDerrick M. Williams Fall 2016 (DL 1st Session) 2016-2017 GS135 Church History I CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 PART 1: Who was Gregory the Great? The purpose for choosing him? PART 2: What were his accomplishments? Works Produced Contribution Significance Why or Why not? PART 3: Lessons Learned CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION Throughout the history of the Christian Church we often timesRead MoreMusic is one of many forms of art. There are varying types of music which consists of seven1300 Words   |  6 Pagesstates and the Roman Empire, the creation of musical instruments led to the refining of modes and scales (â€Å"Music in the Greek and Roman World†). Modes and scales were mathematical formulas that made notes coincide with other notes preceding and following every note played. These notes would often relate to a symbolic belief depending where it was played (Hightower, â€Å"Creation of Musical Scales†). This was essential in the formation of the modern music theory. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the riseRead MoreEssay on Ireland Strikes Back1060 Words   |  5 PagesRegarding the insight to the United States’ politics and society a major shift had taken place (Sewell 723). The Irish were facing many problems. Irish people were going through a great starvation. The Great Potato Famine of the 1840’s was causing dissatisfaction with the people. The blight caused the famine to occur. A fungus was growing on the potatoes and killing the crop. There was not enough food to feed everyone in the land. Being the main crop in Ireland, the Irish reliedRead MoreHistory Of Ancient Poetry Ghosh ( 1 )995 Words   |  4 Pages GHOSH (1) The period of time of concerning 500-100AD in British history was characterized by foreign invasions and internal struggles. This resulted within the admixture of many races, tongues and cultures. Once the Romans departed from British Isles in 407 AD fighting continuing between the Picts and therefore the Scots who had lost their common enemy. The fifth century additionally saw conquests and therefore the gradual occupation by Germanic tribes - Angles, Jutes

Marijuana and its Legalization Free Essays

The legality of marijuana has been a hot topic debated upon for years. However, upon close inspection of studies and articles, it is clear that it is in the better interest of the government to lift the ban on marijuana. The first thing I learned from the inquiry into this issue was that prohibition fails to control the use and production of marijuana. We will write a custom essay sample on Marijuana and its Legalization or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the contrary, the illegal aspect tickles the curiosity of teenagers, resulting in opportunists seizing this chance to sell marijuana to them. The marijuana is distributed in schools by student dealers who learn to make easy money, and these students may be lead into the crime industries. The problem exists in the ubiquitous nature of marijuana and it not being the highest priority of the police. The distribution is not being controlled and neither are sources of the marijuana, which misses the reason of existence for prohibition. In fact, through legalizing marijuana usage, the government can earn a plethora of money through taxing, the price can be controlled to be of proper value instead of the underground pricing, and the number of illegal dealers would decrease due to marijuana not being as profitable. In a survey conducted by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, they reported that â€Å"teens could more readily access pot than beer or prescription drugs. What makes alcohol different from marijuana is that alcohol is legal, regulated through age restrictions, and taught in public education about its awareness. For instance, in high school, there are no such things as alcohol dealers or tobacco dealers, which leads to the need of a middle-man who is of age to buy such products. That middle man is often an older student who has to go out of his way to buy alcohol or tobacco which is a great hassle, whereas marijuana is easily found within the student population. People may argue that it is the pure danger of marijuana that led to its prohibition, but contrary to popular belief, it is said that marijuana was made illegal in the US for population control of Mexicans and Black people. Harry J. Anslinger, the director of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics remarked that the reason for the ban of marijuana was â€Å"its effect on the degenerate races. † There is no scientific evidence that such known side effects as schizophrenia, heart attacks or cancer are actually caused by marijuana and therefore the danger of the drug cannot be the reason being illegal. However, due to marijuana smokers being disoriented and having loss of coordination and logical thought, it would be more reasonable to make certain activities or actions illegal when influenced by marijuana instead, similarly to alcohol. Lastly, the research showed that keeping marijuana illegal is more expensive than lobbying it. Apparently the government’s â€Å"War on Drugs† results in millions of dollars in losses when locking people related to marijuana in prison, paying for their food, housing, health care, attorney fees, and court costs. All this is paid by taxpayer money which are meant for and could be used for other things concerning the country. Also, as stated in the above, the government is missing out on tax opportunities that could be in turn used for more effective drug education programs. If marijuana were legal the government would have much more money to spend on important problems. Even in our neighbourhoods, hundreds of students are smoking cannabis. Instead of having a large portion of our population having to smoke illegally, it would be more advisable to free the ban and profit from the perks of legalizing marijuana. How to cite Marijuana and its Legalization, Papers

Legal Institutional Aspects of Interest in Oil and Gas

Question: Discuss about the Legal Institutional Aspects of Interest in Oil and Gas? Answer: There are various resources but among them oil and gas are important resources for human being. Among six core industries in US oil and gas sector is the most important industry. Predominant and pivotal role is played by oil and gas sector in economy of every sphere. There are three division of oil and gas sector. They are: Upstream, Midstream and Downstream. Oil and gas community has online portal that is, OilandGasIQ.com. About 6000 or more than that refined products are made of crude oil and natural gas. In level of competition Oil and gas industry is growing its stagnation, initiation, maturity and growth by its developmental phase (Galvin, 2005). Throughout the world there are various legal contractual concepts of government permitted international oil companies (IOC) where petroleum explorations are carried out. Oil and gas investor needs protection against risk of legal contractual mechanism. Stability and guarantee is proved by legal mechanisms by stabilizing and negotiating legal clauses. Dispute resolution generally provides arbitration manner. Generally dispute arises between IOCs and states. Legal validity is made for the states right to regulate orders stated by law. There are several policies and law which affects the oil and gas industry. All the oil and gas industries work according to some legislative rules. Aspect of those laws covers operational issues, licensing, joint venture, project and service contract, construction, acquisition, disposal, marketing and sales, diligence work and oil and gas transportation. There are some laws and policy as follows: Downstream Energy Law and Policy- The regulation and legislation of this industry are implemented by industries where downstream energy industrial deals take place. This policy is made to restructure the gas and electrical industries where regulators are approached. This legal rule is made to turn environment of work more fluid and better. Policy for natural resources energy and environmental law- International and national environmental power generation, production and consumption of natural resources is dealt with this environmental policy. In production sector many problems regarding transportation of petroleum, mining activities, air pollution, global climate affects can be raised but these problems can be solved by policy of natural resources and energy. Oil and gas investor needs protection against risk of legal contractual mechanism. Stability and guarantee is proved by legal mechanisms by stabilizing and negotiating legal clauses. Dispute resolution generally provides arbitration manner. Generally dispute arises between IOCs and states. Legal validity is made for the states right to regulate orders stated by law in the Supreme Court. This statutory laws and policies should be looked forward to work out the litigations (Chanju Park, 2009). International and relative petroleum law and policy- International petroleum industry is implemented by this law. Host government, Oil Company and investors are main part of this law. International corporate and financial investors discuss things in wide manner face to face in a practical way. For financial development of resources of petroleum stakeholders are much interested. Issues related to taxation such as economic, accountants, lawyers, engineers and geologists are solved in taxation cases. Complex, expensive and risky operations are involved with oil and gas industries. Various types of disputes are found oil and gas industries. Dispute arises in case of equipment related claims, international boundary claims, jurisdiction claim, insurance issue and claim in relation to quality and quantity. The opt for (ADR) Agreed Dispute Resolution referenced dispute to national court in terms of oil and gas industries. Jurisdiction of ADR is done in means of settlement of dispute and litigation which consist of negotiations, mediation, arbitration, conciliation, expert determination and neutral evaluation. Disagreement between two parties which should be determined outside the court forms ADR which is other term of Arbitration. Institutional or ad-hoc arbitration takes place to form International commercial arbitration. An established arbitral institution does not administered ad-hoc arbitration. Institutional arbitration also has some advantages: In this arbitration pre established procedures and rules are defined in a timely ways and manner. Institutional administrative reluctance chooses from record which is proven. There are also many demerits of institutional arbitration, administrative fees can be considered as dispute where actual amount is not defined. Bureaucracy is another reason which is responsible for delays and extra cost for which the response of the parties turn unrealistic. Arbitrators rule outside the arbitrations which are established and dispute takes place in ad hoc arbitration. Cost effectiveness is the example of ad hoc arbitration. It can be said that to do resolution in oil and gas industries despite of litigation arbitration is choose because it has low cost effectiveness and it is a fast process and litigation is cost effective and slow process. Arbitration is preferred in international resolution and it can also be said that dispute in resolution of oil and gas industry is done by ADR method (Biti and Rrugia, 2014). It can be said international commercial arbitration can be proved more preferable than litigation. There are some reasons as follows: Neutrality of process- Several national jurisdictions is involved with the oil and gas contract. Willingness to do the contract is not supported by dispute of court. Contractual agreement is done in terms of neutral arbitration. In the ICC rules confirmation of court shows the common law principle. The court states the IBA rules which can make the works bias free. Commonwealth Coatings Corp. v. Continental Causality Co is awarded in impartiality ground. Party autonomy- ADR generates autonomy degree which is not available under the litigation process other than arbitration process. International commercial arbitration has a fundamental principle that is Party autonomy. National and international laws of arbitration of oil and gas industries follows rules under the law of arbitration. In Article 19(1) of UNCITRAL Model law, it is regulated that, parties are free in subject of provision to make the tribunal of arbitral law and proceedings conducted by law. In United Kingdom Arbitration Act of 1996 stated that the partys freedom should be agreed on the dispute resolved by the parties in oil and gas industries who are forming contract with each other seeing the rules and regulations as per statutory laws made by government. The Supreme Court has stated the autonomy principle that in terms of court appeals decision jurisdiction of ADR is done in means of settlement of dispute and litigation will take place. Cost Effectiveness and speed- Litigation is very costly and slow process unlike to arbitration. It is a lengthy court process. In respect to international arbitration is inexpensive process than arbitration. In petroleum operation interruption is followed in length of time. Arbitration takes less time than litigation. Enforceable of Award- Enforceability award is the greatest merit of arbitration. In terms of international commercial arbitration 149 contracting states in New York is related with enforceability award of arbitrary which is rendered with different states. In Article 16(1) of UNCITRAL Model Law states some law for rules of doctrine of reparability. It states that contract of arbitral clause should be treated as an independent agreement in terms of contract. In arbitration terms between California Asiatic Oil Co. V. Government of Libya Arab republic and Texaco overseas Petroleum Co (TOPCO) connects the arbitral clause (Adams, 2012). Confidentiality of proceedings- Privacy on the ground of proceedings of arbitrariness in ability of disputing parties. The consent of arbitrariness is followed in divulging ways to keep some confidential parts of the litigation. Arbitration Act of 1996 stated that the partys freedom should be agreed on the dispute resolved by the parties in oil and gas industries. This is decided in the cases of arbitrariness. Non-adversarial- This is all a process where dispute settlement takes place. Civil and criminal justice is focussed in non court dispute resolution. In Black law dictionary it is stated that decision making by court is done in a neutral order following relevant laws. Principle is taken by winner in adversarial approach and in non adversarial approach principle is based on winning motive. Oil and gas industry maintains relation with winning principle of arbitration unlike to litigation. There is advantage in terms of maintaining good business relationship in litigation case with the parties ending resolution process of dispute. Parties of oil and gas industries prefer contracts of ADR litigation process because of the several reasons discussed above (Ali and Huang, 2012). Dispute of parties to arbitration is choosing by the resolution process. It can be said arbitrariness is non adversarial process where principle is based on winning motive. Other than UK there are other states where arbitrariness as per law is followed in sections below: The Toronto lawyers said that in oil and gas industries large numbers of joint venture of partnership as arbitrator on domestic ADR firms. Saudi Arabia and Libya are largest suppliers of energy industries from 1960. In 1958 New York and 200 plus countries have taken decision of involvement of arbitration with business parties and they have not chose litigation in terms of dispute resolution. ICSID has started the framework of international arbitration with several countries. Arbitration place and JAMSs Toronto Resolution Centre has applied ratification process in Canada (Hunter, 2000). Norton Rose Fulbrights Hunter said that, it depends on jurisdiction that which is faster arbitration or litigation. But it is also said that in domestic fracases is faster than arbitration of companies in Alberta. The International Chamber of Commerce, the Hong Kong International Arbitration centre and American Arbitration Association has modified rules in hearings. Interim relief can be gained by emergency arbitration. Arbitration is preferred by energy firms because of tribunals choose by duelling parties. PDPs (proved developed reserves) and QCRs (Quality Control Report) after doing research has came to a conclusion that in energy law practices arbitrator is far better process than litigation to resolve disputes (Rangel, 2006). Quotient courtesy is tending civil law system which is made by European counsellors or arbitrators. Both domestic energy disagreement and international energy dispute has taken large growth on Arbitration. Canada fossil fuel industry in ad hoc affairs is busy in operating arbitrary rules to classify the PPA association of gas power electricity generation plants and petroleum and diesel unit. UNCITRAL Model Law states some law for rules of doctrine of reparability. It states that contract of arbitral clause should be treated as an independent agreement in terms of contract. In arbitration terms between California Asiatic Oil Co. V. Government of Libya Arab republic and Texaco overseas Petroleum Co (TOPCO) connects the arbitral clause (Born, 2009). Industrial sector can be said as cradle of international commercial arbitration which takes special development in oil and gas industrial projects. From six to seven decades ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) has take wide space with various oil companies. Major contract and deal is done with electricity, oil and gas, wind or solar industries. Instead of litigation arbitrariness is playing in a worldwide basis in propagation term. The cost handled is 265 arbitrations and 18.3 percent which has been increased from 2012. Throughout the world there are various legal contractual concepts of government permitted international oil and gas companies (IOC) where petroleum explorations are carried out. Oil and gas investor needs protection against risk of legal contractual mechanism. Stability and guarantee is proved by legal mechanisms by stabilizing and negotiating legal clauses. Dispute resolution generally provides arbitration manner. Generally dispute arises between IOCs and states. Legal validity is made for the states right to regulate orders stated by law (Savarese, 2015). In this assignment it is discussed that to resolve dispute in international commercial system, arbitration is better process than litigation which is cost effective and faster process. Several articles as per law and sections have been described to proof that the fact is true. Many legal professional has also written it and after much research has analyzed the critical understanding of the mentioned question in the assignment. In several articles the ADR method has been described. Agreed Dispute Resolution (ADR) referenced dispute to national court in terms of oil and gas industries. Jurisdiction of ADR is done in means of settlement of dispute and litigation which consist of negotiations, mediation, arbitration, conciliation, expert determination and neutral evaluation. All these have been clearly stated in broader aspect which is legally stated about oil and gas industries (Halland et al., 2015). References: Galvin, C. (2005). Legal institutional aspects of interest in oil and gas. Ali, S. and Huang, H. (2012). Financial Dispute Resolution in China: Arbitration or Court Litigation?. Arbitration International, 28(1), pp.77-100. Biti, B. and Rrugia, B. (2014). International Commercial Arbitration as an Alternative Method to Solve International Commercial Disputes. AJIS. Born, G. (2009). International commercial arbitration. Austin [Tex]: Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Chanju Park, (2009). Arbitration Agreement and Arbitral Award. HUFS Law Review, 33(4), pp.195-230. Savarese, E. (2015). THE ARBITRAL PRACTICE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTES (ICSID) IN 2014. The Italian Yearbook of International Law Online, 24(1), pp.431-452. Rangel, V. (2006). Settlement of Disputes Relating to the Delimitation of the Outer Continental Shelf: The Role of International Courts and Arbitral Tribunals. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 21(3), pp.347-362. Hunter, M. (2000). International Commercial Dispute Resolution: The Challenge of the Twenty-first Century. Arbitration International, 16(4), pp.379-392. Halland, H., Lokanc, M., Nair, A. and Kannan, S. (2015). The extractive industries sector. Washington, D. C.: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / World Bank Group. Adams, J. (2012). Arbitration Court powers to stay litigation because of arbitration agreements. ac, 1997(1).